Windsor Castle, located in Berkshire, England, has a rich history spanning nearly 1,000 years. From its origins as a defensive fortress to its current status as a beloved royal residence and tourist attraction, this iconic castle has witnessed the ebb and flow of British history.
11th and 12th Centuries: The Norman Beginnings
The story of Windsor Castle begins in the 11th century, when William the Conqueror ordered the construction of a wooden castle around 1070. The initial design consisted of a keep on a man-made motte, protected by a small bailey wall. This strategic location, near the River Thames and Windsor Forest, made it an important defensive outpost for the Norman kings.
| Key Facts | |
|---|---|
| Original Construction | 1070 |
| Initial Design | Wooden keep on a man-made motte, protected by a small bailey wall |
| Purpose | Defensive fortress to guard London |
Despite its defensive purpose, the early Norman kings preferred to use the former palace of Edward the Confessor in the village of Old Windsor as their royal residence.
15th Century: A Royal Residence
Windsor Castle’s fortunes changed in the 15th century, as it became a favored royal residence. Henry IV seized the castle during his coup in 1399, and Henry V used it to host a visit from the Holy Roman Emperor in 1417.
During the Wars of the Roses (1455–1485), Windsor Castle did not play a decisive role, but it was used to hold prisoners, including James I of Scotland and Margaret of Anjou.
One of the most significant developments during this period was the construction of St. George’s Chapel, begun by Edward IV in 1475 and completed by Henry VIII in 1528.
18th and 19th Centuries: Decline and Restoration
Windsor Castle fell out of favor with the royal family during the 18th century, but it was later restored by George IV, who transformed the castle’s exterior to have a more imposing appearance.
Queen Victoria, however, spent more time at Windsor Castle than any of her other residences, earning her the nickname the “Widow of Windsor” after the death of Prince Albert.
20th and 21st Centuries: Survival and Renewal
Windsor Castle survived both World Wars largely unscathed, although it was used as a symbol of British resilience during these times.
In 1992, a major fire caused significant damage to the castle, but it was restored over five years at a cost of £37 million. Today, Windsor Castle is open to visitors year-round and is a popular tourist destination, welcoming nearly 1.5 million visitors annually.
Significant Facts about Windsor Castle
- Oldest and Largest Occupied Castle: Windsor Castle holds the title of being both the oldest and largest occupied castle in the world.
- Royal Burials: The castle is the final resting place for many British monarchs, including Elizabeth II.
- Order of the Garter: Windsor Castle is closely associated with the Order of the Garter, England’s highest order of chivalry, founded by Edward III in 1348.
Visiting Windsor Castle
- Opening Hours: Windsor Castle is open to visitors year-round, with precise opening hours established since 1825.
- Tickets: Tickets can be obtained from the Lord Chamberlain’s Office or select London booksellers.
- Annual Visitors: The castle welcomes nearly 1.5 million visitors each year.
Restoration and Renovation
- Cost: The restoration after the 1992 fire cost £37 million.
- Duration: The restoration took five years to complete.
- Impact: The restoration preserved the castle’s historical integrity while ensuring its continued use as a royal residence and tourist attraction.
Windsor Castle’s rich history and enduring legacy make it a must-visit destination for anyone interested in the story of the British monarchy and the architectural wonders of the past.
References
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windsor_Castle
- https://www.ancient-origins.net/ancient-places-europe/windsor-castle-0017682
- https://www.rct.uk/visit/windsor-castle/visiting-windsor-castle-through-the-centuries
- https://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/tradition/a40058863/windsor-castle-history/
- https://www.veranda.com/decorating-ideas/a36077169/windsor-castle-history/